{"id":5347,"date":"2023-08-15T08:42:10","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T06:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.fichtner.de\/rethinking-for-the-energy-transition-how-a-pumped-storage-power-plant-is-turned-upside-down\/"},"modified":"2023-09-11T18:04:19","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T16:04:19","slug":"pumped-storage-power-plant-paldiski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.fichtner.de\/en\/pumped-storage-power-plant-paldiski\/","title":{"rendered":"Rethinking: Pumped Storage Power Plant Is Turned Upside Down"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rethinking for the Energy Transition<\/h2><\/div>

How a Pumped Storage Power Plant Is Turned Upside Down<\/p>\n<\/div>

You did read that correctly: Turning a pumped storage power plant upside down is an innovative idea for meeting the growing demand for storage capacity as renewable energies are expanded. My report explains how it works, why it is a forward-looking concept for numerous regions, and what key tasks Fichtner is handling to make it a success.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"Standort-Visualisierung<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

The expansion of renewable energies is clearly one of the greatest challenges of our time. One of the hurdles to this is the storage of electricity to balance supply and demand.<\/p>\n

The Name Says It All: Zero Terrain Technology<\/h3>\n

Pumped storage power plants have been a proven solution to this problem for a hundred years and currently make up about 97 percent of the world\u2019s electricity storage capacity. But building new plants is often difficult because sites with suitable topological conditions are rare. One solution that can overcome this is Zero Terrain Technology, developed by Energiasalv Pakri O\u00dc from Estonia.<\/p>\n

The idea is to turn the pumped storage power plant upside down by using natural waters as the upper reservoir and a cavern as the lower reservoir. This is an idea with huge potential, as it is equally suitable for coastal regions and inland locations with large lakes or rivers if a rocky subsoil is present to permit the construction of a cavern.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>

\u201cThe idea of inverted pumped storage sounds simple,<\/em>
\nbut it requires special know-how\u201d,<\/em>
\nsays Peep Siitam, founder of Energiasalv.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>

The first power plant employing this new concept is being built in Paldiski, in northwestern Estonia, where the Baltic Sea will be used as the upper reservoir and an artificially created cavern as the lower reservoir. Funded by the EU, a pumped storage power plant with a capacity of 500 MW is to be constructed by 2029, which can be expanded in future by building further caverns. Fichtner was contracted to find the best solution for the construction of this innovative plant.<\/p>\n

Mining Knowledge Meets Energy Know-How<\/h3>\n

\u201cThe advantage of the Paldiski project is its simple principle, but the underground infrastructure requires much more underground work than normal,\u201d says Peep Siitam, and he adds: \u201cThe biggest challenge is constructing the large shafts that extend 700 meters into the ground.\u201d<\/p>\n

The construction of ten large caverns as the lower reservoir, as well as the powerhouse and transformer caverns, poses another challenge.<\/p>\n

For this complex task, Fichtner assembled multidisciplinary teams of energy and mining engineers, as well as geological and geotechnical experts, so that the project can be managed and supported from the design phase through to implementation.<\/p>\n

First of all, the team worked out design alternatives, studied their feasibility and economic viability, and finally made a recommendation on the option that will now be implemented. \u201cIn a consortium with the engineering firm \u2018Ingenieurb\u00fcro Steiger\u2019, Fichtner carried out a geotechnical investigation and came up with a technical solution that is convincing in its flexibility and efficiency,\u201d concludes Siitam.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"Lageplan<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Technical Solutions and Economic Options<\/h3>\n

In addition to complex technical and geological conditions, economic criteria naturally also play a key role in this project.<\/p>\n

\u201cTo assess economic viability, we have to calculate such projects relative to the market,\u201d reports Dr. Sebastian Palt, Hydropower Projects Director at Fichtner.<\/p>\n

In this case, this means including the options on the Scandinavian power exchange \u2018Nord Pool\u2019 or on the market for balancing energy (primary, secondary and tertiary control), while also estimating future marketing potential.<\/p>\n

Hydropower plants usually have long construction periods and are planned for decades of use. Since long-term forecasts entail numerous uncertainties, adaptability is vital. Presently, the experts see the best sales opportunities in the day-ahead market, but expect balancing energy to grow in importance.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>

Increasing Flexibility, Minimizing Risks<\/h3>\n

In the context of long-term economic considerations, the choice of pump-turbines, for example, is a key factor in terms of flexibility. For this reason, the choice was made to use three large pump-turbines that can react extremely quickly to changes in load and direction, thus enabling participation in the balancing energy market.<\/p>\n

According to Peep Siitam, the project is also adaptable in other respects: \u201cOne of the biggest technical advantages of the Paldiski project is that the storage capacity could be expanded cost-effectively at any time without having to interrupt operations. That\u2019s unique. And Fichtner\u2019s greatest contribution to the project lies in the development of precisely this solution.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>

Thinking Ahead \u2013 and About the Environment<\/h3>\n

An environmentally significant contribution that Fichtner\u2019s team made to the plant layout is the arrangement of the inlets and outlets in the Baltic Sea. This is because during operation of the pumped storage plant, enormous masses of water are sucked in during turbine operation and pumped back into the Baltic Sea during pumping operation. If this were done by a classical inlet and outlet structure at a central point, it would result in strong currents of a magnitude of 1 m\/s velocity, carrying sediments into the cavern system and affecting the flora and fauna. \u201cTo avoid this, we designed a six-arm inlet and outlet system, similar to the inlet structures of seawater desalination plants. The openings are located at a depth of about 15 meters and are so large that the velocities are less than 0.2 meters per second at full load during pumping and turbine operation,\u201d explains Dr. Sebastian Palt. \u201cThis drastically reduces the velocities of the currents, especially at the seabed, and prevents damage to marine flora and fauna.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"Schema<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Teamwork \u2013 Across All Disciplines<\/h3>\n

The importance of interdisciplinary knowledge in developing and assessing this unique facility in its entirety is illustrated by another example. The specialist expertise of Fichtner Water & Transportation\u2019s mining department is crucial for drawing up the fresh air concept for the underground works. Ventilation of the entire plant was a key criterion for determining the diameters of the 650-meter-deep vertical shafts for supplying fresh air to the construction works.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h3>\n

The Paldiski project demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary knowledge. And Fichtner made key contributions to the design, enabling the implementation of a technology that makes pumped storage power plants possible in regions that previously appeared unsuitable. When there is a surplus of electricity, the cavern will be emptied with the help of pump-turbines; when there is a demand for electricity, the force of the water flowing down through the pump-turbines will be used to drive the generators.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>

\u201cZero Terrain Technology enables pumped storage power plants that no longer require mountains\u201d,<\/p>\n<\/div>

says Peep Siitam. Fichtner\u2019s networking of knowledge and its interdisciplinary way of thinking and working are also to thank for this.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>

July 2023<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"Fichtner<\/span><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Dr. Sebastian Palt<\/h3><\/div>

Hydropower Projects Director<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,79,24],"tags":[112,130,114,113],"class_list":["post-5347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","category-projects-en","category-renewable-energy-and-environment","tag-energy-storage","tag-hydropower","tag-mining","tag-pump-storage"],"yoast_head":"\nRethinking: Pumped Storage Power Plant Is Turned Upside Down - Fichtner Connected<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.fichtner.de\/en\/pumped-storage-power-plant-paldiski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rethinking: Pumped Storage Power Plant Is Turned Upside Down - 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